A computer virus is a computer program which can copy itself and infect a computer without the owner's permission or knowledge. The term "virus" is also common, but there used to refer to a type of malware, adware, spyware and programs that do not have the ability to reproduce. A true virus can spread only from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) if the host is taken to the target computer, for example, because the user that sent through the network or the Internet, or taken as a removable media such as floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. The virus can be spread to improve the opportunity by infecting other computers on the network file system file or a file system that is accessed by another computer.

The term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a place for all phrase to include all types of malware. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, crimeware and other malicious software and is not desired), including true viruses. Sometimes with computer viruses and worms Trojan horses, which is technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself to other computers without the need to transfer as part of a host, and Trojan horses are programs that appear harmless but have a hidden agenda. Trojans and worms, such as viruses, can cause damage to both the host computer system from the data, functional performance, or networking throughput, when they are executed. Some viruses and other malware have any symptoms to a user's computer, but many are reticent.

Most personal computers are now connected to the Internet and to local area network, facilitating the spread of malicious code. Currently, the virus can also take advantage of network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, Instant Messaging, and file sharing systems to spread.

Information Technology Governance, IT Governance or ICT (Information & Communications Technology) Governance, is a subset discipline of Corporate Governance focuses on information technology (IT) systems and their performance and risk management. The increasing interest in IT governance is partly due to appropriate initiatives, such as Sarbanes-Oxley in the U.S. and Basel II in Europe, and the recognition that IT projects can easily get out of control and profoundly affect the performance of an organization.

A characteristic theme of IT governance discussions is that the IT capability can not be a black box. The involvement of traditional board-level executive in the case of IT is to honor all the important decisions for the company's IT professional. IT shows the system of government in which all parties, including the board, internal customers, and especially such as finance departments, have the necessary input in the decision making process. This prevents IT from independently created and then be fully responsible for poor decisions. This will also prevent users from critical and find that the system does not behave or perform as expected, as described in the Harvard Business Review article by R. Nolan:
Definition

There are narrow and broader definitions of IT governance. Weill and Ross focus on "Setting the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage behavior that is expected in the use of IT." [2]

Conversely, IT Governance Institute to expand the definition to include the basic mechanisms: "... with the leadership and organizational structures and processes that ensure that the organization's IT sustains and extends the organization's strategy and goals." [3]

Meanwhile, AS8015, Australian Standard for Corporate Governance of ICT, defines Corporate Governance of ICT as a "system at this time and the future use of ICT is directed and controlled. Evaluating It involves planning and directing the use of ICT to support the organization and monitoring is used to realize the plan. Termasuk strategies and policies for using ICT in an organization. "
Problems with IT governance

IT governance is different from IT management and control IT? The problem with government IT is that often with good management practices and IT control framework. ISO 38500 has helped the IT by the government as a management system used by the directors. In other words, IT governance is about the work of IT resources in the name of the expected return from their investments. Director is responsible for this job will be to see that management is required to implement the IT and control system. While managing risk and ensuring compliance is an important component of good governance, is more important to be focused on giving value and measure performance.

Nicholas Carr has emerged as a prominent critic of the idea that information technology provides a strategic advantage. [5] this line may imply criticism that significant attention to IT governance that is not useful for chasing the leaders of the company. However, Carr also show counterbalancing concern for effective IT risk management.

Manifestation in the IT governance goals through a detailed process control (for example, in the context of project management) is often controversial in large scale IT management. See agile methods. The difficulty in achieving a balance between financial transparency and cost-effective data capture in the IT financial management (for example, to enable chargeback) is the continued discussion topic in the professional literature [6] [7] and can be seen as a practical limitation to IT governance

Reference:

* Lutchen, M. (2004). Managing IT as a business: a guide to life CEOs. Hoboken, N.J., J. Wiley., ISBN 0-471-47104-6
* Mar J., Simon H., Organizations, Blackwell Publishers, 1993 (First ed. Wiley, 1958), ISBN 0-631-18631-X